Hello Rodrigo,
I guess it should work, although there is no documentation claiming such scenario is end-to-end supported. C4C support generally to export target group for phone or letter campaigns. One difference I anticipate compared to SAP CRM is that from C4C point of view, the outbound call will be probably treated as an inbound call.
I did not see such integration live yet and I am planning to integrate C4C with onprem CCtr just next month.
Sorry for the broken link, should read service instead of support: https://service.sap.com/~sapidb/012002523100000868902016E/SAPCCtr7_SP9_Overview.ppt .
Regards,
Dawood.